• Keeps unchanged files as hardllinks to InitialBackup.
• Deletes files not anymore in Source(t+1) from Backup1.
• Copies different files from Source(t+1) to Backup1.

• Keeps unchanged files as hardllinks to Backup1.
• Deletes files not anymore in Source(t+2) from Backup2.
• Copie newer files from Source(t+2) to Backup2.

DeLorean Copies are created in the same way as e.g Junctions. Select a folder, click the Action button, choose Pick Link Source from the action menu.

. navigate to the destination folder, press the action button, open the Drop As. submenu and select DeLorean Copy:

If a DeLorean Copy was dropped the first time onto a directory, the operations, which are described under phase 1 in the above descriptions, namely a Smart Copy, is performed. Link Shell Extension automatically generated the folder name for the destination by appending a timestamp.

Any successive drop of a directory onto the a destination directory initates Phase 2 and Phase 3 from the above description, namley it does the Hardlink Clone from the former backup onto the current backup and furthermore does mirror the source onto the current backup.

A directory holding many copies may look like this.

Limitations
It is little known, but NTFS has a limit to create a maximum of 1023 hardlinks to one file. For DeLorean Copy this means that it will display an error message if this limit is exceeded, because exceeding this limit means loss of data among the most recent backup sets:

The reason for exceeding this limit could either be, that there have been more than 1023 backup sets but no hardlinks within the Source, or there are hardlinks within the Source and less than 1023 backup sets.

The DeLorean Copy submenue will not appear if more than one folders are selected as source.

DeLorean Copy is long path safe which means it can handle more than 256 characters in pathes. This is important, because placing a copy with quite long path, but still below 256 characters path length, to destination locations might result in combined path length greater than 256 character. In such a situation no data loss must happen, which Delorean copy guaranties with beeing ‘long path safe’. Please make sure that Explorer can not show you the result of such a copy, but the files are there. Alternative explorers like SpeedCommander can handle this.

Command Line
DeLorean Copy functionality is also available via ln.exe

Backup mode enables LSE to also copy ACLs and Encrypted Files from all directories, even the ones without access for the current users.

• LSE always forks its helper process LSEUacHelper.exe, and thus raises the UAC prompt for elevation and password verification.

It applies to SmartCopy, SmartMirror, SmartClone, Delorean Copy, SmartMove and Replacement Junction/Symbolic Link/Mountpoint.

LSE.exe thus copies

• Alternative Streams on files and folders
• EA Records on files and folders (rarely used)
• Reparse Info
• File Attributes
• Timestamps: Creation Time, Last Access Time, Last Write Time
• Sparse Files and Alternative Sparse Streams
• Encrypted files
• ACLs

Backup Mode is disabled by default, and can be turned on via the LSE configuration tool.

To perform backup operations a user must hold the SE_BACKUP_NAME and SE_RESTORE_NAME privileges. An out of the box Wndows configuration assigns the Backup-Operator and Administrator group these privileges, but additionally the above privileges can be assigned individually to certain users or groups.

Assigning privileges can be accomplished
By gpedit.msc

and navigating to
«Computer Configuration» ->»Windows settings» -> «Security Settings» -> «Local Policies» -> «User Rights Assignments» -> «Backup files and directories»
«Computer Configuration» ->»Windows settings» -> «Security Settings» -> «Local Policies» -> «User Rights Assignments» -> «Restore files and directories»

Without gpedit.msc
Download PolsEdit and add users or groups, who should be able to run backups, to the SE_BACKUP_NAME and SE_RESTORE_NAME privileges.

Volume Mountpoints provides functionality to map complete local volumes onto arbitrary disk locations.

Volume Mountpoints are created in the same way as Hardlinks, except that the Source Link is a volume rather than a file. Select a local volume, click the right mouse button, choose Pick Link Source from the action menu, navigate to the destination folder, click the action button, open the submenu Drop As . and select Volume Mountpoint:

Volume Mountpoints can also be created via Drag and Drop when the selected local volume is dragged with the action button pressed to a destination folder; when the right mouse button is released, select the Drop Here . submenu and then Volume Mountpoint.

Mount Points can be deleted by using the Unmount Volume command from Explorer as usual.

To show the origin of a Volume Mountpoint, the reference column of a Volume MountPoint shows the volume which is mounted onto the selected path.

Make sure that only local volumes can be mounted but not mapped network drives.

The creation and deletion of Volume Mountpoints is bound to successful elevation, which means that the famous UAC dialog must be acknowledged.

To show the reference counts, a column can be enabled in Explorers right pane by action clicking the Titles row of the details view.

After enabling the reference column the reference count is shown for each file.

Windows7/8/10: The column, which shows the reference count and the origin of the junction is not available, because the way Windows7/8/10 handles user defined columns has been completely revamped by Microsoft and all applications working with so called ColumnHandlers will not work.

Link Shell Extension also supports so called Explorer Property Sheets, which means that if a file or directory property in explorer is opened, Link Shell Extension adds its own tab to show the properties of a hardlink, junction, volume mountpoint or symbolic link.

This additional tab only shows up in the file or directory properties, if the file or directory is a hardlink, junction, volume mountpoint or symbolic link, otherwise this tab is not available.

Explore
For junctions, volume mountpoints or symbolic links this dialog also shows a ‘Explore Target’ button, which opens an explorer in the specified directory.

Edit
For Junctions, Symbolic Links or Mountpoints the target field can be edited, and after either pressing the Apply button or leaving the Link Property dialog with ok, the changes are applied to the Junction, Symbolic Link or Mountpoint.

If the Backup Mode is enabled, the ACL of the edited Junction, Symbolic Link or Mountpoint is preserved.

Creating a Symbolic Link is essentially the same as the other Link creation processes. Action click on the selected file(s) and select Pick Link Source(s) from the action menu.

When the destination folder is action clicked the menu contains a Drop As . submenu, to create a Symbolic Link select SymbolicLink from the submenu. Unlike Hardlinks Symbolic Links can span storage volumes.

If both files and folders are selected as the Source Links and dropped as a Symbolic Link Clone then the selected files are dropped as Symbolic Links alongside newly created Symbolic Link Clone folders.

Symbolic Links can also be created between directories.

Relative versus absolute symbolic link target pathnames
The target of a symbolic link can either be

• a fully qualified path starting at the root of a drive, e.g e:\data\cpp\myfile.txt
• or can be be specified relativeley, e.g ..\..\data\cpp\myfile.txt

LSE by default tries to create relative target path names for symbolic links as long as this is possible, e.g the file and its target are on the same logical drive. Having relative symbolic link targets is much smarter especially when the target of links is in the same directory. If a symbolic link and its target are on different drives, LSE uses absolute pathnames.

The configuration tool can switch Link Shell Extension in either relative or absolute mode.

Overlay Icons for Symbolic Links
To help distinguish Symbolic Links from normal files/directories, an overlay icon is implemented on symbolic links that shows a light green arrow icon under the folder.

Overlay icons for Symbolic Links can also be customized.

Simply select a hardlinked file and select Properties from the action menu:

The Hardlink Enumeration functionality is also available via command line from ln.exe via the —enum or the —list command line switch.

Due to UAC some API calls need elevation to administrative level, and this elevation must be acknowledged via the below shown dialog box. So if you see the below box, and the program asking for elevation is LSEUacHelper.exe, it is Link Shell Extensions contribution to UAC and you must acknowledge it to get Symbolic Links created.

One way to come around the UAC prompt for the creation of Symbolic Links is to globally allow users to create Symbolic Links by changing the policy.

With gpedit.msc
Start gpedit.msc from the command line and grant/revoke specific users the permissions: Under «Computer Configuration» ->»Windows settings» -> «Security Settings» -> «Local Policies» -> «User Rights Assignments» -> «Create Symbolic Links».

Without gpedit.msc
Download PolsEdit and add users to SE_CREATE_SYMBOLIC_LINK_NAME.
Please make sure you log off and log on after changing policies, so that the changes become active.

Linkshell Extension can deal with the above granting of privileges, and if the Symblic Link Privilege is available avoids the UAC prompt.

Developer mode in Windows10
Another way to come around the UAC prompt would be to enable the developer mode, which is available since Windows10/14972.

This feature is used by Link Shell Extension, to enable the creation of so called Remote Hardlinks, Remote Junctions, or Remote Symbolic Links. e.g.

• Map a network share
• Pick a file from that share
• Drop the file as Hardlink within the same share

A Hardlink has been created, which can be easily verified

Furthermore SMB1.0 also reports the reference count for Hardlinks and the junction origin for Junctions, which enables Link Shell Extension to show the properties dialog for remote files. Currently the reference count of a hardlink is reported via SMB1.0 in 90% correctly, so please be aware of this restriction.

LSE supports both, mapped network drives and UNC paths.

Mapped but not available network drives can in general be the reason for sloppy explorer startup performance. Delays of a few seconds can be experienced if explorer has to check all drive mappings, especially the ones which are not available. This gets worse, if LSE also checks the status of all drives.

To workaround this caveat the Remote Capabilities of Link Shell Extension can be switched on/off via the configuration tool.

Remote Hardlinks and the SMB version
There are differnet SMB Version implemented in different Windows versions which means different behaviour for hardlinks:

SMB1.0: Windows XP, Windows2000 .
SMB2.0: Windows Vista .
SMB2.1: Windows7/8, Windows Server 2008 R2 .

SMB3.0: Windows10, Windows Server 2012 R2 .

All of those version support the creation of hardlinks remotely, but since SMB2.0 one can not find out if a file on a remote drive is a hardlink or not.

This means, that e.g if you connect with your Windows XP machine to a SMB2.1 drive, which is provided by a Windows7/8/10 machine, you will not be able to see overlay icons for hardlinked files, but you will be able to create them remotley.

With removable media formatted to NTFS there is the slight chance that LSE reports ‘Access denied’ problems, when creating hardlinks or junctions. This is due to file object permissions on the removable NTFS drive, which have been created with a different computer on that removable media, thus causing this ‘Access denied’ messages. The solution here is to change the permission on that removable media as Administrator.

On the other hand NTFS supports pathnames with up to 32767 characters, so one might have already experienced pathnames, which are longer than 256 characters. To deal with that, LSE can handle Very Long Path up to 32767 characters with all operations.

With the subst.exe command one can create driveletters, which point to a certain path on a NTFS volume. This means that two different driveletters in the end might resolve to locations on the same NTFS volume.
Link Shell Extension checks these situations when it comes to allow the creation of hardlinks, and as a consequence allows the creation of hardlinks among different logical drives if they resolve to the same NTFS volume.

With Windows Server 2012 Microsoft introduced the ReFS filesystem, which is the designated successor to NTFS. But the first implementation of ReFS can do nice things, but lacks a few important features from NTFS like the Hardlink support.
Link Shell Extension supports ReFS so that one can create Symbolic Links, Mountpoints, Junctions on ReFS volumes. But it will throw an error message if a hardlink is about to be created on a ReFS volume. So what are the impacts on Link Shell Extension in detail:

• ReFS drives as the destination of Delorean Copies will for sure fail, at least when creating the second backup in a Delorean set.
• SmartCopy/SmartMirror will fail as destination for hardlinks within the source.
• SmartMove will work.

Since ReFS is expected to support the full set of NTFS functionality in a later release, Link Shell Extension has no checks implemented to tackle with the above constraints.

There are a lot of filesystems out by third party vendors nowadays, which support hardlinks, symlinks. In order to provide the LSE functionality on that drives, the supported filesystems can be configured:
Add your favourite filesystem name in a comma seperated list to

Changes to the known filesystems from the above registry key take efect after an explorer.exe restart.

If you don’t know the name of the filesystem you might determine this by issuing ln.exe from a command prompt.

By default Btrfs is configured as a known third party filesystem.

Configuring your favourite filesystem to be recognized by LSE is on your own risk. Basically LSE would do all operations to the configured filesystems, which it does to NTFS. So make sure your filesystem supports the same primitives as NTFS does otherwise certain operations will fail.

Localisation
Link Shell Extension’s UI and commands are available in a few languages. You can choose from

• English(default)
• Chinese
• Czech
• French
• German
• Greek
• Italian
• Japanese
• Korean
• Polish
• Portuguese Brazilian
• Russian
• Slovak
• Spanish
• Swedish
• Turkish
• Ukrainian

Changing the UI Language of Link Shell Extension will need a restart of the explorer once Apply or Ok is pressed.

Smart Move
It might be useful to totally switch off Smart Move, if there are folders with really much folders. This can be acchieved by ticking the Smart Move checkbox.

Logging
All output of a LSE operation like SmartCopy, SmartMirror, or Delorean Copy is logged to the file %TEMP%\LinkShellExtension.log

Remote Capabilities
It might be useful to totally switch off Remote Capabilities, if there are lots of ‘dead network drives’ around. This can be acchieved by ticking the Remote Capabilities checkbox.

Outer Junction/Symbolic Link Handling
Decide whether Outer Junctions should be handled as Crop, be Unrolled, which is the default, or Spliced.

Symbolic Link Creation
By selecting either relative or absolute Link Shell Extension will create the target of Symbolic Links respective.

Copy Mode
By checking the Backup Link Shell Extension will run in Backup Mode.

Changing any settings related to overlay icons will ask for a restart of explorer when Apply or Ok is pressed.

Overlay Icon
Sometimes it might be useful to totally disable certain overlay icons from Link Shell Extension, which can be acchieved by ticking the checkbox for overlay icons.

Priority
Only one overlay icon can be shown with an icon, but many overlay handlers might apply to provide the overlay icon. To sort this out each overlay handler can specify a priority to explorer and explorer shows the overlay icon with highest priority.
High priority means lower number, with 0 as the highest priority

Custom Icon
By ticking the checkbox for custom icon the Browse. button gets enabled, and an icon can be selected. Keep in mind that custom icons are specific to each user.

General
Windows7/8/10 are a little bit special, because overlay icons for 256×256 must not be in the lower left corner of the icon, and must not be already smaller to perfectly ‘overlay’ an icon. 256×256 overlay icons must fill up the complete available icon, and also must not be resized.

Or in other words Windows7/8/10 takes any 256×256 icon and resizes it to 92×92, moves it to the left lower corner and overlays.

For all other resolutions smaller than 256×256, Windows7/8/10 you have to prepare an overlay icon in the lower left corner.

For my investigations the icon editor of choice capable of dealing with Windows7/8/10 icons was RealWorld Icon Editor

Apply Changes
When you press OK or Apply on LSEConfigs dialog, settings will be taken over.

If changes were made to Link Shell Extensions language settings or settings related to overlay icons, you will be asked to confirm a restart of explorer.exe, so that your changes become effective. Restarting explorer.exe means, that e.g. any copy operation or other pending operation within explorer.exe is interrupted.

So what are Hardlinks? It is common to think of a file as being an association between a file name and a data object . Using Windows Explorer, the file system can be readily browsed, showing a 1:1 relationship between the file name and the data object, but this 1:1 relationship does not hold for all file systems.

Some file systems, including UFS, XFS, and NTFS have a N:1 relationship between file name and the data object, hence there can be more than one directory entry for a file.

So, how does one create multiple entries for the same data object? In Unix there is a command line utility ln, which is used to create link entries for existing files, hence there are many file names, or so called Hardlinks, for the one data object.

For each HardLink created, the file system increments a reference count stored with the data object, i.e. it stores how many file names refer to the data object, this counter is maintained (by the file system) within the data object itself. When a file name referencing a data object is deleted, the data object’s reference count is decremented by one. The data object itself only gets deleted when the reference count is decremented to zero.

The reference count is the only way of determining whether there are multiple file name references to a data object, and it only informs of their number NOT there whereabouts.

Junctions are wormholes in the tree structure of a directed graph. By browsing a Junction a maybe far distant location in the file system is made available. Modifying, Creating, Renaming and Deleting files within a junction tree structure operates at the junction target, i.e. if you delete a file in a Junction it is deleted at the original location.

Symbolic Links are to files what Junctions are to folders in that they are both transparent and Symbolic. Transparency means that an application can access them just as they would any other file, Symbolism means that the data objects can reside on any available volume, i.e. they are not limited to a single volume like Hardlinks. Symbolic Links differ from Shortcuts in that they offer a transparent pathway to the desired data object, with a shortcut (.lnk), something has to read and interpret the content of the shortcut file and then open the file that it references (i.e. it is a two step process). When an application uses a symlink it gains immediate access to the data object referenced by the symlink (i.e. it is a one step process).

• Supported platforms are NT4/W2K/WXP/W2K3/W2K3R2/W2K8/W2K8R2/W2K12/W2K12R2/WXP64/Vista/Vista/Windows7/8/10 in 32bit, 64bit or Itanium.
• Hardlinks can only be made on NTFS volumes, under the supported platforms.
• Hardlinks can only be made within one NTFS volumes, and can not span across NTFS volumes.
• Junctions can not be created on NTFS volumes with NT4.
• The Pick Link Source and Drop . choices are only visible, if it’s possible to create Hardlinks/Junctions/Symbolic Links. E.G.: If you select a file on a FAT drive and press the action button, you wont see the Pick Link Source in the action menu, because FAT file systems, don’t support Hardlinks/Junctions/Symbolic Links. This also happens, if you select source files on a network drive, or select a file as destination, etc.
• There is an OS limit of creating more than 1023 hardlinks per file. This is less known, but it is there.
• ReFs does not support hardlinks.

• Q: On Windows7/8/10, the Save As. box shows symlinks with the white «shortcut» overlay, instead of the green symlink overlay.

  A: This happens if the processes shown during installation of Link Shell Extension were not closed. If you really run into this rare situation, a reboot will help.

  Q: However the value of the reference count is not updated when hardlinks are deleted. That is, when I add new hardlinks the value increases properly, but when I delete hardlinks, the value does not change. Is that a bug? Or there is a way of refreshing the Windows Explorer?

  A: Once a file is deleted in Explorer it is moved into Recycle Bin, but not really deleted. If you press Shift-Del for deleting a file instead of just pressing Del, the file really gets deleted and the reference count is decremented.

  Q: I could’nt make a successful hardlink for image or vector files — I mean, I was able to *make* the hardlink copy, but when I modified one file it didnt affect the other. I’m wondering do you know why this might be — could it be my otherwise quite normal computer (!) or could it be something to do with the hard link proccess ?

  A: You were able to make hardlinks successfully, but when you open a hardlinked file for edit, it depends on the editor associated to the file if the file either gets

  • opened, changed, the original deleted, and the new one saved ( ==> link broken )
  • opened, changed, and saved back ( ==> link alive )

  Q: When I deleted a source directory, its junction point is left behind in an non-operational state.
  Is there a way to prevent this? That is, for example, is it possible to automatically delete the junction points if the associated source is deleted? Or, is it possible to have a program prune such orphaned junctions afterwards?

  A: No sorry, Junctions are a one way relation, and if the targets disappears the junction points to an orphaned destination.

  If you have SmartMove enabled, at least inner junctions/symbolic links are adapted

  Q: When I delete a symbolic link, which points to a zipped folder by pressing DEL, later on when I want to empty the recycle bin, explorer denies by showing me error message 0x80071128. What’s wrong?

  A: Unfortunatley this is a bug in Explorer, and it only happens to symbolic links pointing to .zip files. The workaround is to move it manually out of recycle bin rename it, and then delete it once more.

  Q: I have created a symbolic link to an .exe and when I double click on it, I get the following error message:
  The specified path does not exist. Check the path and try again.

  A: Unfortunatley this is a bug in Explorer, and I don’t have a clue how to come around this in explorer.
  If you start the symlink to an .exe from a command prompt it works fine, and even third party explorers like SpeedCommander can do this, but explorer seems to have a limitation
  Does anybody know the registry hack to enable this in explorer.exe? Drop me a line.

  Q: I double click on a symlink in explorer, which e.g. points to an .xls, and the explorer asks me to choose a program to open it.

  A: With KB3039066 Microsoft changed the behaviour of symlinks. Uninstall it and it will work again. See also Symbolic Link Type Changed

  Q: The overlay icons do not show up

  A: The number of different icon overlay handlers that the system can support is limited by the amount of space available for icon overlays in the system image list. There are currently 11 slots allotted with Windows 10 for icon overlays, some of which are reserved by the system.

  All is controlled by the alphabetical order of OverlayHandlers under

  If the OverlayHandlers for LinkShellExtension somehow slipped to a slot greater 15 under 32bit Windows or greater 11 with Windows 10, the LSE Overlay Icons won’t show up.

  To manually boost the priority of LSE OverlayIcons, open the above registry location with regedit and prepend a blank

  IconOverlayHardLink —> ‘&nbsp’ IconOverlayHardLink
  IconOverlayJunction —> ‘&nbsp’ IconOverlayJunction
  IconOverlaySymbolicLink —> ‘&nbsp’ IconOverlaySymbolicLink

  and either restart the explorer or log-off and log-on again. The point here is to change the alphabetical order by prepeding one blank. You might end up in a race to the top by adding more and mor blanks, since other OverlayHandlers such as DropBox’ have already added a few blanks.

  Q: I’m trying to store Dropbox files only on removable storage instead of the internal 128gb of storage. My DropBox already contains lots of files. How do I accomplish redirecting the dropbox folder to the removeable storage?

  A:

  • Copy the whole dropbox folder from the internal storage under c:\users\[username]\dropbox to e.g x:\data\dropbox
  • Rename the dropbox folder c:\users\[username]\dropbox to e.g c:\users\[username]\dropbox_org
  • Pick Link Source x:\data\dropbox
  • In c:\users\[username] use Drop as and select Symbolic Link or Junction
  • If everything went fine finally delete c:\users\[username]\dropbox_org

  Q: When I create Symbolic links they appear in Explorer as 0 bytes. I cannot remember if this is expected or not?

  A: The resulting Symbolic Links show as 0 bytes in explorer.exe, that’s expected.

  Q: I only changed the attribute of a file, even the timestamp and content are the same, but —delorean copies the file instead of linking to the old backupsets and just changing the attributes in the current backup set.

  A: The files in the backup sets of —delorean are hardlinked if they are the same. NTFS provides one set of timestamps and attributes for all hardlink-siblings of a file, so if a file needs different attributes in a backup, it has to be copied.

  Q: Broken Junctions (with non-existent targets) have their overlay icons displayed, but right clicking on them in Windows Explorer of Windows7 x64 SP1 and choosing «Properties» does not bring up the «Link Properties» tab. Consequently the information where the broken Junction is trying to point is not accessible and cannot be corrected manually.

  A: Unfortunatley this is an explorer problem, and LSE has no chance to intercept. Broken symlinks/juncitons can be easily repaired by the replacement junction/symbolic link feature

  Q: When I right click a symbolic link and go to properties, and click on Link properties, if the path contained inside is invalid, will give you the message «The name ‘(invalid path goes here)’ specified in the Target box is not valid. Make sure the path and file name are correc.

  A: Unfortunatley this is an explorer problem, and LSE has no chance to intercept. Broken symlinks/juncitons can be easily repaired by the replacement junction/symbolic link feature

Felix Kasza for the hardlink basics with NT4.
Nullsoft for the great lean and mean nsis installer
Jean-Pierre Bergamin for the drag and drop support samples.
Travis Illig suggested to add the overlay icons for junctions, which he uses in his Junction Shell Extension.
Mark Russinovich for tips on junction
Philip Daniels for a technical writers documentation review
Daniel Thibault for the French localisation, and for a dozen of bug reports and feature requests.
Masatoshi Kimura for the symbolic link driver for WindowsXP.
Gerard Durand for the French translation of the documentation

Вам также может понравиться

Файл владелец изменить linux

Команда Chown в Linux Chown Command in Linux (File

02

Установка шлюза по умолчанию linux

Настройка сети вручную Содержание Краткое описание

02

Чем разбить диск для linux

ИТ База знаний Курс по Asterisk Полезно — Узнать IP —

02

Фрагментация оперативной памяти linux

концепция памяти в linux. дефрагментация памяти. здравствуйте все!

02

Чем удалить раздел linux

Как удалить Linux и установить Windows Версия этой

01

Чистим linux от мусора

7 способов освободить место на диске в Ubuntu и Linux

02

Что такое кластеризация linux

Кластеры в Linux Тема данной статьи —

02

Что делать если linux не загружается

Что делать если не включается ноутбук или компьютер

02